How to write a cover letter: structure, design

When preparing a resume, it is always better to attach a cover letter. This document reflects the candidate’s strengths for the vacant position, their motivation and interest in the employer’s specific offer.

Let’s look at what a cover letter is and why it matters when applying for a job.

What is a cover letter?

A cover letter is a brief document that complements a professional resume. It contains important information for presenting one’s abilities and experience.

By reviewing it, the employer can conclude the following:

• highlight the candidate’s strengths;

• understand their specific habits and skills;

• assess the candidate’s interest in the position and their motivation;

• distinguish the candidate from others;

• form an impression of professional and personal values.

A properly written cover letter will definitely attract the employer’s attention and provide strong arguments in favor of a specific candidate.

Types of cover letters

Cover letters vary depending on the purpose and the specifics of the vacancy.

There are two main types: motivational and cover. A motivational letter includes more detailed information about the candidate, their goals, and motivation. A cover letter is shorter, more focused on the specific position, and briefly describes the applicant.

Let’s look at the main types of cover letters:

• classic version: the most common type, containing general candidate information, their professional skills, and experience relevant to the vacancy;

• tailored to company specifics: the document is adapted to the organization's corporate culture. For example, a law firm requires a more formal tone; an IT company allows a semi-formal and dynamic tone;

• motivational letter: explains in detail the candidate’s goals and motivation for the position;

• introductory letter: generally presents skills and can be submitted for any vacancy;

• internship letter: emphasizes the candidate’s potential and desire to gain new skills.

Cover or motivational letter: what to choose?

A cover letter acts as a short presentation and outlines why the employer should choose the candidate. It suits someone with solid experience in the field.

A motivational letter differs in content and structure. It should describe the goal and desire to work in a specific position. It is often used by applicants without experience, such as interns or graduates.

When is a cover letter needed?

This document helps present oneself as a qualified specialist. It includes personal and professional traits relevant to the vacancy and company goals.

A well-crafted letter interests the employer and tells them about the candidate’s experience and skills.

For most companies, attaching such a document to the resume is a major advantage.

Goals of a cover letter

A cover letter helps achieve the following:

• create a positive first impression: explain your experience, qualifications, and values, and state why you chose this vacancy;

• demonstrate values: a resume alone is not enough. A cover letter gives a more personal and emotional insight into the candidate’s character and career path;

• attract attention: most employers review the cover letter first. A convincing and original letter increases your chances of standing out;

• present strong arguments in favor of your candidacy: the letter should clearly explain why the employer should hire you, in simple and understandable language.

How to write a cover letter for documents?

The main goal of writing a cover letter is to catch the employer’s attention and increase your chances of being hired.

Here are some recommendations to improve its content:

• adapt the letter to the specific vacancy;

• address it to the company manager directly, avoiding generic phrases;

• include only relevant information tailored to the employer’s request;

• keep it concise and well-written: 2–3 paragraphs are enough to present your strengths and proposal;

• start with an engaging introduction while maintaining a business tone;

• be honest about your experience and skills; if you lack qualifications, mention your willingness to take additional courses;

• avoid common mistakes: use formal but clear language without slang or jokes; list your advantages effectively;

• use proper formatting: short paragraphs, line spacing 1–1.5, Times New Roman font, size 12–14 pt.

Writing a cover letter: example

The template for a resume cover letter is standard. You can add custom points based on company needs.

It must include the following:

1. Greeting the company manager or HR officer:

This is the introductory part. After the official greeting, state your full name. In the next paragraph, briefly share your values, professional achievements, and the job you are applying for.

2. Main part:

Describe your previous experience and explain what interests you about this job. You can also:

• list achievements in your professional career;

• emphasize the skills and knowledge applicable to the new job;

• offer ideas for business growth, etc.

3. Final part:

The last paragraph is a brief summary meant to motivate the manager or HR officer to read your resume.

In 1–2 sentences, explain why you are the best candidate. Thank the reader and include a soft call to action — ask them to call or reply by email.

The cover letter is sent together with the resume in response to a job offer. In most cases, it is required to consider your application. Without it, your resume may be rejected despite the employer’s request.

To create the perfect cover letter, show that you know the company, are willing to participate in its growth, and bring in fresh ideas. With such a document, your chances of getting a response from the employer are significantly higher.